Forequarters

The Scapula (shoulder blade ) muscle configuration is somewhat complicated and all we have to remember that correct angulation and layback of shoulder ensures the muscles are of the correct structure, e.g. short upper arm and upright scapula leads to bunchy shoulder musculature. The scapula is sandwiched at the top by two muscles: the trapezius…

On Balance

The breed standard clearly defines ideal size, proportions, and substance which essentially tells us the proper balance between bull and terrier. Make no mistake; there is little room for personal interpretation of those descriptors, “deep,” “broad,” “wide,” “rather far apart.” The parameters of balance are handed to us in objective language, and our personal understanding…

The Enrichment Effect

Animals raised in enriched environments have been shown to have the following physiological changes over animals raised under standard laboratory conditions: •Larger brains •More new brain cells and neural connections •Better brain cell survival. The result of these physical changes in brain structure result in the following intellectual emotional benefits: •Improved ability to learn remember…

Breed Type

If you show your dog, or are involved in the world of dog breeding, you will often hear the phrase ‘typey’. You will read critiques telling you that a particular specimen has type in abundance. This topic generates hot debate and has been written about since people began crafting breed standards. I am sure…